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四泥三丸(四大支柱)解除束缚

Laura Stropes |

作者:劳拉·斯特罗普斯

四逆散丸

中医功能:疏肝柔肝,行肝气,清热祛湿,和肝脾。

中医诊断:肝气郁结,热蕴于内,气不宣于外。亦指肝气郁结,脾胃失和。

症状:手指脚趾冰冷,而四肢和身体温暖。还可能出现上腹部、腹部或肋部不适和胀满感、烦躁、情绪低落、情绪波动、偶尔咳嗽、口苦、食欲不振、嗳气、偶尔恶心、偶尔稀便或水样便、偶尔排尿困难、月经不调、经前综合症、磨牙和下颌紧张。压力或情绪波动可能加剧症状;症状也可能周期性出现。

舌质:红,苔黄

脉搏:

配方:白芍/芍药根 31.5%,柴胡/柴胡根 26.4%,枳实/枳实幼果 26.4%,甘草/甘草根制剂 15.7%。

剂量与用法:标准剂量为每日3次,每次8粒。餐前半小时服用,以利于消化吸收。初期,剂量可增至每日3次,每次8-12粒,待药效起效后减至维持剂量。可中长期服用,疗程为数周至数月。请监测阴虚体征。

注意事项及禁忌:体质虚弱者禁用。孕期慎用。肾阳虚引起的四肢冰冷禁用。急性感染或疾病(如感冒或流感)初期禁用。脾气虚者慎用。

临床评论:张仲景的著名方子四逆散发表于约公元 200 年的《伤寒论》中,四逆散可治疗因阳气内蕴所致的阳厥或热邪上逆。其典型症状是身体温暖时手指脚趾却感到寒冷——而不是整个手脚甚至整个四肢都冷——这表明寒冷并非由真正的寒冷引起,而是由内蕴所致。虽然四逆散最初的设计目的是治疗因外部病邪从少阳蔓延到更内部的少阴,阻塞了肝胆之气而导致的阳厥,但在现代临床中,我们最常见的患者是由于长期肝气郁结所致,久而久之,躯干中会产生闷热,从而抑制并阻止阳气流向四肢以温暖它们。

四逆散的主要作用是疏肝理气,宣泄郁热,从而通达四肢。由于四逆散具有强效疏肝理气的功效,后世医家将其扩展用于调和肝脾,缓解肝犯脾引起的消化系统症状。四逆散如今已声名远扬,成为所有其他疏肝理气方药的基石。

在现代临床中,四逆散用于治疗肝气郁结证,伴有四肢冰冷、压力、情志不安和消化功能紊乱等症状。主要症状包括消化问题,患者手脚冰冷,通常仅限于手指和脚趾,不会蔓延至手腕或脚踝。情绪激动和压力大时症状会加重,并伴有脉弦和舌红。

本方主药柴胡,具有强效清热开郁、疏通肝气的功效。当少阴脏腑功能失调时,柴胡可疏泄邪气,使其外邪外泄。柴胡强健的气机有助于清阳上行,阴浊下行。柴胡通过减少肝气过度横行而加重脾脏负担,从而调和肝脾。枳实则能疏通气机,化瘀散结,减少中焦积聚,从而减轻脾脏负担,促进脾脏运化水谷。柴胡强健的上行气机与枳实同样强健的下行气机相结合,迅速恢复气机畅通,恢复气机活力,缓解内郁。白芍滋养肝血,养阴柔肝,并缓和柴胡燥湿化湿的功效。芍药甘草汤中,白芍与炙甘草配伍,具有滋筋止痉的功效,可缓解肝犯脾引起的消化系统症状,尤其是痉挛性胃痉挛。炙甘草补中益气,有助于脾胃运化。

配伍:血虚实寒,手足冰冷者,可改用当归四逆汤。气逆上逆,偶有烧心,可加用香莲丸。气滞胆结,湿热蕴结者,可加用利胆片。食积食滞,消化不良较为明显者,可加用保核丸

参考:

  1. 《中药临床手册》第 3 版,威尔·麦克莱恩 (Will Maclean) 与凯瑟琳·泰勒 (Kathryn Taylor) 合著,穿山甲出版社,2016 年。
  2. 《中草药 - 配方和策略》,第 2 版,作者:Dan Bensky、Volker Scheid、Andy Ellis 和 Barolet,Eastland Press,2009 年。
  3. 《中草药 - 本草纲目》,第 3 版,作者:Dan Bensky、Steven Clavey 和 Erich Stoger,Gamble 合著,Eastland Press,2004 年。
  4. 中草药配方及应用 - 药理作用及临床研究,作者:John Chen 和 Tina Chen,医学艺术出版社,2009 年。
  5. 《中药草药学和药理学》, John Chen 和 Tina Chen 著,医学艺术出版社,2004 年。
  6. 160 种基本中草药成药,作者:Bob Flaws,Blue Poppy Press,1999 年。

About the Author

Laura Stropes, L.Ac. is a licensed practitioner of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine with a great love of Chinese herbology. She has been in practice since 1998. She has a passion for helping people on their path to achieve balance and wellness. She is a Fellow of the Acupuncture & TCM Board of Reproductive Medicine (ABORM), and specializes in women's health, in helping women, men, and couples optimize fertility, and supporting healthy pregnancies. She also has a strong focus on treating problems that negatively impact everyday health and well-being (sleep, digestion, stress level, pain). Laura worked at Mayway from 1999-2019 as an herbal consultant and project manager. Laura’s projects included the initial Mayway website in 2004 and website redesign in 2012, the Herb ID Kit recreation in 2009, and she coauthored the book “A Practitioner’s Formula Guide: Plum Flower & Minshan Formulas” - Wrinkle, Stropes & Potts, published in 2008. She also worked on product research and development, writing articles, and consulting services for other acupuncturists, chiropractors, veterinarians and medical doctors in choosing suitable TCM herbal treatments for their patients. Laura can be reached at: laura@laurastropes.com.